[The role of M-cholinoreceptors in the regulation of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte functions].

Experiments on Wistar rats showed that the activation of m-cholinoreceptors by aceclidine (daily administration in a dose of 0.05 LD50, s.c., for 3 days) enhanced the function of Th1 lymphocytes to a greater extent in comparison to Th2 lymphocytes. The blockage of m-cholinoreceptors by the atropin led to a more pronounced suppression of Th2 lymphocytes function in comparison to Th1 cells.

[Changes in the toxicity and immunotoxity of tetrachloromethane and carbophos under the action of 2,4,6-triphenyl-4H-selenopyran and their connection with cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase system].

It is established in experiments on noninbred rats that 2,4,6-triphenyl-4H-selenopyrane (peroral administration in a dose of 0.8 mg/kg during 3 days) induces cytochrome P450, thus increasing the toxicity and immunotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (metabolized via "lethal synthesis"), and reduces the analogous effects of carbophos, the biotransformation of which proceeds via the formation of low-toxicity and nontoxic metabolites.

Inhibition of function of T cell subpopulations and decrease in cytokine production during subacute poisoning with various toxicants.

Experiments on outbred albino rats showed that subacute intoxication with organophosphorus compounds dimethyldichlorovinyl phosphate and malathion primarily decreased functional activity of Th1 lymphocytes, immune reactions associated with these cells, and interferon-g production compared to that of Th2 lymphocytes and interleukin-4 synthesis. Acrylic acid nitrile and methanol produced the opposite effect. Sulfur mustard and sodium arsenite were equally potent in reducing the function of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes and production of cytokines.

[Suppression of immune response associated with functions of B-cells, Th1- and Th2-lymphocytes and interleukins produced by these cells, and pharmacological correction of these disturbances upon acute intoxication with methanol].

Experiments on Wistar rats showed that acute poisoning with methanol (0.75 LD50) leads to the suppression of cellular and humoral immune responses and decreases the blood concentration of interleukins (IL-2, IL-4) with an increase in the IL-2/IL-4 ratio. These facts indicate that a decrease in Th2 lymphocyte activity is more pronounced in comparison to that of Th1 cells. The immunomodulators mielopide and polyoxidon administered in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg for 4 days upon acute poisoning with methanol virtually completely restore the cellular and humoral immune responses, the activity of natural killers, and the synthesis of interleukins.

[Use of acetylcysteine and polyoxydonium for the correction of immune homeostasis and antioxidant system impaired by combined action of 1,2-dichloroethane and heavy mechanical trauma].

The experiments on noninbred rats showed that a combination of heavy mechanical trauma and 1,2-dichloroethane in a single dose of 0.5 LD50 leads to summation of the immunosuppressive and prooxidizing effects of both factors. A combined administration of acetylcysteine and polyoxidonium on the background of the combined action of a heavy mechanical trauma and 1, 2-dichloroethane (1.5 LD50) reduces the suppression of immune responses and the activation of lipid peroxidation caused by these factors.

Role of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes and cytokines produced by these cells in suppression of immune reactions during subacute poisoning with anticholinesterase toxicants.

Experiments on Wistar rats showed that subacute poisoning with anticholinesterase toxicants zarin and agent VX (daily subcutaneous injections in 1/7 LD50 for 6 days) led to suppression of cellular and humoral immune reactions and to a decrease in blood concentrations of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma) with a reduction of the IFN-gamma/IL-4 and IL-2/IL-4 ratios, which attests to more pronounced decrease in Th1 lymphocyte function in comparison with Th2 cells.

[Immunostimulant properties of polyoxidon on the model of acute poisoning with anticholinesterase chemicals in rats].

Experiments on noninbred rats showed that, upon acute poisoning with toxic chemicals (sarin, VX agent; 1.0 LD50) and the treatment with atropine (10 mg/kg), the administration of polyoxidon in a daily dose of 100 mg/kg over 4 days partly reduces the degree of immune system suppression and the level of lipid peroxidation induced by toxic chemicals.

Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 with 2-diethylamino-ethyl-2,2-diphenylpropylacetate (SKF-525A) reduces immunotoxicity of chlorinated carbohydrates.

Experiments on outbred albino rats showed that single intraperitoneal injection of cytochrome P-450 inhibitor 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylpropylacetate (SKF-525A) in a dose of 50 mg/kg before acute poisoning with 1,2-dichloroethane and trichloroethane in a dose of 1.0 LD(50), metabolized in the body to compounds with higher toxicity (the phenomenon of "lethal synthesis") reduced their immunotoxicity by decreasing the formation of their biotransformation products.

Stimulation of immunotoxicity of chemicals metabolizing in vivo into highly toxic compounds by the monooxygenase system inductors.

Oral treatment of experimental random-bred albino rats with inductors of the monooxygenase system phenobarbital (50 mg/kg) and benzenal (70 mg/kg) for 3 days until acute poisoning with toxins (methanol, ethylene glycol, and dichloroethane in doses of 1.0 LD50) metabolizing in the body to compounds with higher toxicity (phenomenon of lethal synthesis) increased immunotoxicity of these inductors.